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PROGRAMMER'S MODEL OF 8086

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The programming model for a microprocessor shows the various internal registers that are accessible to the programmer.   The Following Figure is a model for the 8086. In general, each register has a special function. In the programming model there are -           4 General Purpose registers( Data Registers) -           4 Segment registers -           2 Pointer registers -           2 Index registers -           1 Instruction Pointer register -           1 Flag register General purpose registers: AX Register (Accumulator):  This is accumulator register. It gets used in arithmetic, logic and data transfer instructions. In manipulation and division, one of the numbers involved must be in AX or AL. BX Register (Base Register):  This is base register. BX register is an address register. It usually contain a data pointer used for based, based indexed or register indirect addressing. CX Register (Counter register):  This is Count register. This serves as a loop co
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8085

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    1.      What is Stack? Explain about stack in 8085. ·        The stack is a group of memory location in the R/W memory that is used for temporary storage of binary information during the execution of a program ·        The stack is a LIFO structure. – Last In First Out. ·        The starting location of the stack is defined by loading a 16 bit address into the stack pointer that spaced is reserved, usually at the top of the memory map   Stack in 8085   ·        In 8085 microprocessor system the beginning of the stack is defined in the program by using the instruction   LXI SP,<16 bit> ·        The 8085 provide two instruction PUSH & POP for storing information on the stack and retrieving it back. PUSH   <Reg Pair>     :    Stores content of register pair on to stack   POP       <Reg Pair>     :    Retrieves content from top of the stack in to register pair   PUSH      H   ·        The stack pointer is decremented by one to 2098 H ,
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8086 Main Features

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a)      The 8086 microprocessor is a 16 bit microprocessor.   The term “16 bit” means that its arithmetic logic unit, internal registers and most of its instructions are designed to work with 16 bit binary words. b)        The 8086 microprocessor has a 16 bit data bus. It can read data from or write data to memory or ports either 16 bits or 8 bits at a time. c)         The 8086 microprocessor has a 20 bit address bus, so it can directly access 220 or 1,048,576 (1M) locations. d)      The 8086 microprocessor can generate 16 bit I/O address; hence it can access 216 or 65536 ports. e)      It is possible to perform bit, byte, word, and block operations in the 8086 microprocessor. It performs the arithmetic and logical operations on bit, byte, word and decimal numbers including multiplication and division. f)        The 8086 microprocessor is designed to operate in two modes, the minimum mode and the maximum mode. When only one CPU is used in the system, the 8086 mic
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